Strategic Context – Quick Summary
As of March 2026, commercial negotiations between Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Naval Group for three additional Scorpene-class submarines have concluded, paving the way for final approval from India’s Cabinet Committee on Security. The estimated ₹36,000-crore Project-75 Additional program is designed to prevent a capability dip in the Indian Navy before next-generation submarines under Project‑75I begin arriving in the 2030s. By extending the existing Scorpene production line at MDL, India can deliver new submarines significantly faster than starting an entirely new submarine design program.
Facing a steady decline in its conventional submarine numbers, the Indian Navy is preparing to expand its existing fleet with three additional Scorpene-class submarines under the proposed Project-75 Additional program. The move follows the completion of commercial negotiations between Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and France’s Naval Group, with final government approval expected soon.
Valued at roughly ₹36,000 crore, the follow-on order is designed to maintain India’s underwater combat strength while the more ambitious Project‑75I progresses toward the next decade. By extending the proven Scorpene production line already operating in Mumbai, the plan offers the fastest and least risky way to reinforce India’s submarine fleet during a critical transition period.
Why India Needs Additional Scorpenes
India currently operates a shrinking conventional submarine fleet as several legacy platforms approach retirement. While Project-75I will introduce a new generation of advanced submarines, the program involves complex technology transfer and international collaboration, making deliveries unlikely before the early 2030s.
To avoid a capability gap during this period, the Indian Navy is pursuing a low-risk expansion of the existing Scorpene program, leveraging the experience gained from building six submarines under Project-75.
The Scorpene platform, already produced in India at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited, offers a mature supply chain, trained workforce, and proven design, enabling faster construction timelines.
The “Jumboization” Upgrade
One of the most important differences between the original six Scorpenes and the three new submarines lies in their design modifications.
The follow-on submarines will feature structural enlargement (“jumboization”) to accommodate an indigenous Air Independent Propulsion system from the beginning.
The AIP system, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, uses fuel-cell technology that allows conventional submarines to remain submerged for extended periods without surfacing to recharge batteries.
Key improvements expected in the new submarines include:
- Integration of DRDO fuel-cell AIP from launch
- Increased internal volume for future upgrades
- Higher indigenization levels approaching 60%
- Greater use of Indian sensors, combat electronics, and weapons
Unlike the original Scorpenes, which require mid-life AIP retrofits, the new submarines will be AIP-ready from the outset.
India’s Emerging Scorpene MRO Hub
Another significant development is India’s growing capability in submarine maintenance and testing infrastructure.
In March 2026, India commissioned a pneumatic RAM (Radar Absorbent Material) testing facility in Karwar, strengthening its ability to maintain stealth coatings and structural systems on Scorpene-class submarines.
This development supports India’s ambition to become a regional maintenance and overhaul hub for Scorpene submarines operated by countries such as:
- Brazil
- France
- India
By building advanced testing infrastructure domestically, India reduces long-term reliance on foreign shipyards for submarine sustainment.
Project-75 Additional Decision Timeline
| Milestone | Expected Date / Status |
|---|---|
| Commercial Negotiations | Concluded (Early 2025) |
| Cabinet Committee on Security Approval | Expected by March 31, 2026 |
| Contract Signing | Shortly after CCS approval |
| First Submarine Delivery | Around 2032 |
| Key Technologies | DRDO Fuel-Cell AIP, Indigenous Electronics, Heavyweight Torpedoes |
The “Gap-Filler” Strategy
The decision to order additional Scorpenes is not a replacement for Project-75I but rather a strategic bridge program.
Project-75I, which is expected to involve international partners such as ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, will introduce a new submarine class with advanced propulsion technologies and larger displacement. However, the complexity of technology transfer and design adaptation means the program will have a long gestation period.
By contrast, ordering additional Scorpenes offers a rapid, lower-risk solution because the production line at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited is already operational.
This approach ensures the Indian Navy can maintain its underwater deterrence capability while transitioning to the next generation of submarines.
